Pattern-copying machine



" Feb. 151927. I

T. H. SEELY PATTERN COPYING mcnms -Fil'ed'Maroh 17, 1921' 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 I 4/ vzw 70a,

Feb. T. -H. SEELY PATTERN 'COPYIFNG MACHINE Filed March 17 1921 3'Sheets-Sheet 2' 1..., v If. my

. [Win/ 272- NW K z Patented Feb.- 15, i V E enemas n. SEELY, or Mariana, iirassncnusnnrs, Assrenoa "r UNITED SHOE ivI-A- er'zinnar oonroaa'rron, or EATER-SON, JERSEY.

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7 Application filed March 17, 1921. Serial No." 453,138;

NEV] JERSEY, A CORPORATION' OF NEHKP This invention relates to pattern reproduction and, in particular, to that type of pattern reproducing in which curvature is reversed and a male model is usedto generate a female work piece and vice versa. The invention is disclosed in connection with a machine adapted for cuttingp'uttee molds.

These molds are made in pairs, male and female,-and the leather 'puttee ismolded or compressed between them. It is necessary, therefore, that the molds do not fit exactly,

"that is, that they'be not exact counterparts,

one of the other; otherwise, owing to their curved form they would compress the leather unequally at di'fie'rent points when separated to hold the work between them, and produce an unsatisfactory result. The molds should be so formed that when in 013- erative position they are separated by V a uniform distance measured everywhere perpendicular to their surfaces, which will enable them to mold a work piece to a uniform thickness equal to that distance at all points.

The present invention rovides an improved pattern copying machine of the type in which a male'or female mold is used as a model for cutting the corresponding female orr male mold, which machine has a novel relative arrangement of the model, the work, the model follower and the cutting tool well adapted to produce puttee molds satisfying the above-stated requirements.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the desired results are attained by offsetting the model follower and the tool relatively to the positions they would 00- cupy in exact counterpart reproduction or in geometrlcal reproduction, which relatively ofisets the surfaces of the male and female molds cut with the machine to a similar degree. -Advantageously also, the operative parts of the tool and follower are formed as arcs of circles the radii of which have simple relation to the amount of offset and to the grading ratio. This results in form- 111g male and female molds having the same separation mc'asuredcnormal to their surfaces at all points. 7

A convenient form of machine for accomplishing the results contemplated by the present invention is shown in the drawing,

through pattern reproducing machines may take many forms within the scope of this in "veiition. The machine shewn comprises mod- Q1 and ivorlr held-ere ariaii ed retria -3n to feed the follower and tool over the model and work, respectively, and a lever structure havmg the follower and tool mounted on its ends and working on a pivot between the holders. Provision is made for effecting a feeding movement parallel to the axes of rotation of model and work between thefollower and tool and the model and work,- respectively. In the particular embodiment of the inventionshown in the drawings, the

lcverar'ms are of the same length, so that the transverse movements of follower and tool are equal, and the rates of the follower and tool feeds relatively to the model and work are equal, so that the model and work are of corresponding size. An important method of procedure practicable, (but "not claimed herein) in connection with the inveiition comprises using a male model'to cut a female work piece and then using this workpiece as a model to cut a male work illustration and shown in the accompanyingdrawings in which, p

Fig. 1" is a plan view of the machine.

2 is a sideelevation.

Fig. 3 is a detail of the feeding mechanism. V

Fig. 4 illustrates the use of the setting gage and shows the relation between the follower and tool. v

Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the action of the achine. r V

Fig. 6 is a front view of the tool shown in side elevation in 4:. p 7

Fig.7 is a similar view of the follower shown in Fig. 4. I

by afollower and tool shaped as. described,

Fig. 9 illustrates theclearanc'e provided by offsetting a tool and follower of ordinary shape. I

In the frame 10 of the machine are supporteda pair of equal gear wheels 12 and 14. 'Th'e' -e wheels are confined between #011,- ers 16 arranged in pairs p rt,-

.24. the gear for which it supplies a bearing.

Fastened to the ends of the shaft by any convenientmeans, such as the key and set screwshown, are two heavy arms 26,28

which are connected at their ends by cross V 34 and the. model.

bars 30, The arms 26, 28 are shown as stra ght levers p voted at their centers, since I the machine shown is designed only for size for sizereproduction, and not for magnifying or reducing. The bars 30, 32 carry at their middle portions the follower 34 and the tool '36, respectively. The frame thus formed constitutes in effect a heavy, strong lever by means of which the tool 36 is positioned by the reaction between the follower The machine is thus a reverse copying machine: that is, it reverses the curvature of the model in the work. Stubs 37 are provided for weights 39 (shown only in Fig. 1) which are mounted on the follower end of the frame. The gear 12 carries a spider 38 upon which the model 40 is mounted, and the gear 14 carries an analogous spider 42 upon which the work 44 is mounted. The model 40 is shown as a male puttee mold and the work 44 is the corresponding female mold. These molds are so mounted in the gears that the centers 66, 68of the gears come as near as maybe to their own centers of form.

As the gears are oscillated by the rack 22 the follower 34, weighted by the weights 89, will contact with and pass over the peripheryof. the model 40 and cause the tool to make a corresponding path in the. work 44.

These paths will be the intersections of vertical planes as seen in Fig. 2 with the surfaces of the model and work respectively, and may be called elements of the surface, the whole surface in each case being composed of the sum total of such elements in a series extending perpendicular to the plane of the paper in Fig. 2. p

The generation of this series of elements is accomplished by the feeding mechanism shown best in Fig. 3. Mounted in the frame 10, preferably bearing upon the shaft 24, is a gear 46 meshing with a pinion 48 which is internally threaded and works upon a screw 50, shown as left handed, and mounted in the frame 26, 28, 30, 32. Mounted to slide vertically in the frame of the machine as,

for example, by means of pin and slot guides 51, is a bar 52 carrying a freely pivoted pawl 54 and having a laterally extending pin 56. The pawl 54 has two teeth and a pivoted weighted handle 55 which can be thrown over on either of two pins 57 to turn the pawl on its pivot and cause one tooth or the other to engage the gear 46, for a purpose which will appear. The gear 14 has a projecting" pin '58 which strikes the pin 56 every time the gear reaches the end of the oscillation which takes place after a cut. This contact of the two pinsv lifts the bar 52 which causes'the pawl 54, when set as shown in Fig. 3, to engage in the teeth of the gear 46, rotating the gear and consequently the toothed nut 48 which drives the screw 50 parallel to its length, carrying the frame 26, 28, 30, 32 with it. The frameis thus automatically fed along the height of the puttee mold, an element of the surface of theworkbeingcut out after every feeding movement. v

The screw 50 can also be turned by a wrench applied to a stub shaft 60 mounted in the frame bar 26. -A set screw 62 clamps the shaft 60 fast in the frame when the mechanical feed is going on, and thepawl 54, engaging on one tooth or the other, will lock the gears 46, 48 when it is desired to traverse the machine in one direction or the other by hand by means of the stub shaft 60.

As already stated, it is desirable that the two puttee molds shall not be exact counterparts of each other, but that they be so shaped that when assembled they will not fit exactly, but will leave a uniform space between them at all points, this uniform ofi-set being measured substantially perpendicular to their surfaces everywhere in order that a piece of leather of which it is desired to make a puttee may be molded to uniform thickness everywhere. In the ma chine shown, the centers 66 and 68 .of the gears 12, 14 are shown in the same horizontal plane with the center 70 of the shaft 24, this being a simple but not indispensable construction. In order to effect exact geometrical reproduction of the model and the work so that, if of the same size, theywould fit exactly together, it would here be necessary for the tip of the tool 36 and the tip of the follower 34 to lie in a plane passing through the axis of the shaft 24. This is only a special way of saying that the tool and follower should be adjusted so that they can come to the centers 66, 68 simultaneously, which is necessary for exact gcometrical reproduction. The line joining the tips of the tool and follower and passing through their axis of swing with this adjustment mightbe Called the neutral line, or the line of geometric reproduction. This line is indicated at 72 in Fig.4. In'order to effect the requisite separation of the molds, the follower 34 and tool 36 are each dropped this point.

a is generated.

below this line by amounts bearing the same ratio as the magnification ratio (which is here unity) and'each equal to one-half of the required separation distance as regards themodel' and work, respectively, as shown in Fig. 4, the half separation distances, which are here equal, being indicated at 7% and the proper setting being accomplished by means of the gage bar 76 shown in Fig.

l, which rests upon the shaft 24 and has two surfaces 78 and 80 to which the follower and tool are set. i

If the tool were constructed as is usually the practice, with a diamond point cutting edge, and the follower were correspondingly shaped, the adjustment just describes, with the machine shown, would prod ce a pair of molds having the relation shown in Fig. 5); that is, the two molds would be separated everywhere by the double distance 74: measured perpendicular to their axes of rotation in the machine.

As far as the generation of a single element is concerned, the desired separational result has been accomplished, since the model'and work surfaces are substantially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the follower and tool owing to the concentric arrangement of the gears and the model and work, and the relatively great length of the lever 26 as regards the mean radius of the model and work. But when the aggregate of successively cut elements is considered, a further problem arises. The molds not being cylinders, the construction and operation so far described would cause them to approach each other more closely than this double distance 74 above and below the bulge of the calf, for example, and the moldedleather would be unduly crushed at It is aprincipal object of the present invention to avoid this difficulty by constructing, in the illustrated machine, the cutting edge of the tool as a circular are 82 about a center 84, this center 84 being located upon the neutral line 72, and constructthe corresponding edge of the follower as a circular are 86 of the same radius about the center 88, the center 88 being located also upon'the line 72. The planes of these circles are perpendicular to the plane-of the 7 paper in Fig. 4, that is, they extend parallel to the relative line of feed of the work and the tools as one element after another The effect of this construction may be seen as follows: The geometry of the performance of the machine does not require that the centers 66, and 68 be in the same straight line. If mechanical limitations, such as the inability of two bodies to occupy the same space at the same time,

be ignored, the requisite performance of the machine could be obtained, if it were mod1-- lied by swinging the gear 12 around the axis 7 0 until it coincided with the gear 14, or

by swinging itto anyo'ther' position-around the axis 70, the bars 26, 28 being also'bcnt through the same angle by means of'a swing around the same axis 70, carrying the tool and follower with them. All that is neces- 70 to geometric reproduction isfthat the lzne667(l68 be ofithe same shapev and size as the broken: line. joining the tips of the follower-3% and. the tool 36 with the axis 70. The effect of a 180 rotation of the gear 12 and the follower 34' aboutthe-z axis 70is seen in Fig. 5, whichis a view seen by looking along the plane of the paper. parallel with the length of Fig. 2; The point marked 84; and 88 is the pointtowhich'the tool and follower edges'should be adjusted for geometric or pantographic reproduction, and the positions shown for thecutting edge and the follower edge 86 will be the positions actually occupied by these elements with the adjustment described with reference to Fig; 4. It isobvious that these ele ments form part of the same circle, the diameter of which is the-double distance 74.

Thus as the feed proceeds along the model Q and work, the are on" the follower will bear at one point or another, accordingto the curvature of the model, and the arc-shaped cutting edge will cuta. corresponding clearance on the work.. As the cutting proceeds along the molds from top to, bottom, the surfaces generated will have-the relation'of the two lines 90 and 92. which are separated lateral linear. dimensions of the model and-1 work, Rigid accuracy, however, is not required in this work, andthe equally curved follower and tool shown in the. illustrated 1:1 reproducing machine can be used oven. a substantial range of grading, if desired.

It is not to be understood that the line 72 has a rigidly fixed physical relation to the machine. A broken (or straight) line connecting the axis of the follower-tool lever with the centers 66, 68 willserve, when rotated around the axis of the lever into any position, as a gage line froniwhich to offset the follower and tool. The algebraic sum of the offsets is to be the double distance 74, and obviously this algebraic sum is not changedby rotating the 1ine'7 2relativelyto the lever, follower and tool. The gage bar 76 insuresthat the algebraic sum of the olfsets of the follow 84 and tool 36 shall be the double distance 74, while eitherone of the adjusted elements may be on either side of the illustrated line 72 by an arbitrary amount, the adjustment of the other by at the matter, this is one way of saying that the shape'of the mainbody of the lever 76 -.is immaterial, the only thing necessary being that the arcs 82 and 86 should be rigidly connected and that their centers be related to the axis 7 O, as described.

It is obvious that v the present invention may be embodied in many forms. The presentinvention is applicable generally to pattion, in order to avoid the cumbersome circumlocution which would result from the use oflanguage explicitly broad enough to cover all the dilferentforms of pattern reproducing machinery in which the present "invention could be embodied.

The illustrated machine is shown as cutting a female mold from a male mold. In case it is desired to effect the reverse operation, the follower 34 and 00136 are interchanged and the weights 39 moved to the other-side of the swing frame, whereupon the machine will cut a male mold from a female mold. Only one mold need be made by hand, therefore.

i For the sake of simplicity, the relative feeds between the. follower and model, and tool and work,'and the lengths of the arms 'of the levers 26,28 have been-illustrated as identical, so that the work piece and model are of the same size.

7 In other words, the special machine illustrated does not grade. Broadly speaking, the practice, of the invention comprises making the radii of the arcs of the follower and tool edges, the arms of the levers or equivalent apparatus which provides for thefdepth of cut in the work as the follower follows around the model, and the relative feeds of the follower and tool along the model and work, allin the same ratio" In the machine shown, this ratio is 1. 7 If the ratio has any other value, the machine will enlarge or reduce, but the feature of uniform separation of male and; female ,moldscut with it will be retained.

Having described my, invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A pattern reproducing machine comprising model holding and work holding in- ;instru'mentalitiesbeing relatively eonstructnelaeoa ed and arranged to reverse the curvature of the model in the work from convex to concave and vice versa upon relative movement between the work treating instrumentality' and the work controlled by the reaction be tween the model following instrumentality and the model, the model following and work treating instrumentalities effectively projecting beyond the positions of geometricreproduction. 1

2. A pattern reproducing machine comprising model holding and work holding instrumentalities together with model following and work treating instrun'ientalities, said instruinentalities being relatively constructed and arranged to reverse the curvature of the model in the work from convex to concave and vice versa upon. relative nmvenient between the work treating instrun'ieutality and the work controlled by the reaction between the model following instrumentality and the model, the cutting edge of the work treating instrumentality and the corresponding contour of the model following instrumentality being formed as arcs of circles having their centers at the positions characteristic of geometric reproduction.

3. A pattern reproducing machine comprising model holding and work holding instrumentalities together with model following and work treating instrumentalities, said instrumentalities being relatively constructed and arranged to reverse the curvature of the model in the work from convex to concave and vice versa upon relative movement between the work treating instrumentality and the work controlled by the reaction between the model following instrumentality and the model, the cutting edge of the work treating instrumentality and the correspond ing contour of the model following instrumentality being formed as arcs of circles having their centers at positions characteristic of pantographic reproduction, and extending toward the work and model, respectively.

4. A pattern reproducing machine comprising model holding and work holding instrumentalities together with model followmg and work treating instrumentalities, said lnstrumentalities being relatlvely constructed and arranged to reverse the curvature of the model in the work from convex to concave and vice versa upon relative movement between the work treating instrumentality and the work controlled by the reaction be-' tween the model following instrumentalityand the model, the cutting edge of the work treating instrumentality and thecorresponding contour of the model following instru mentality being formed as arcs of equal circles having theircenters in effect at the positions characteristic of 1 :1 reproduction, and extending toward the work and model respectively, the planes of the circles being parallel to'the line of feed along-the model- 5. Ina pattern reproducing machine, a

work holder and a model holder arrangedto rotate. the model and the work, a lever pivoted between its endsand having its arms substantially equal respectively to the distances from the pivot to axes of the model and work and arranged at an angle equal to the angular separation of the said axes as viewed from the pivot,whereby the ends of the lever may be simultaneously brought to the axes as the lever swings, a model follower and a tool mounted near the ends of the arms respectively, and means for relatively feeding the model follower and model and for relatively feeding the tool and work parallel to the axes of rotation, the velocities of the two said relative feeds being in the ratio of the lengths of the arms, and the model follower'and tool being effectively displaced toward the model and work respectively by amounts proportional to the lengths of the lever arms.

6. In a pattern reproducing machine, a work holder and a model holder arranged to rotate the model and the work, a lever pivoted between its ends having its arms substantially equal respectively to the distances from the pivot to axes of the model and work and arranged at an angle equal to the angular separation of the said axes as viewed from the pivot, whereby the ends of the lever may be simultaneously brought to the axes as the lever swings, a model follower and a tool mounted near the ends of the arms respeetively, and means for relatively feeding the follower and model and for relatively feeding the tool and work parallel to the axes of rotation, the velocities of the two said relative feeds being in the ratio of the lengths of the arms, and the follower and tool being formed in arcs of circles the cen-' ters of which are at 'the'ends of the levers and the radii of which are in the same ratio as the arms ofthe lever.

7. In a pattern reproducing machine, a work holder and a model holder arranged to rotate the model and the work, a lever pivoted between its ends and having its arms substantially equal respectively to the distances from the pivot to axes of the model and work and arranged at an angle equal to the angular separation of the said axes as viewed from the pivot, whereby the ends of the lever may be simultaneously brought to the axes as the lever swings, a model follower and a tool mounted near the ends of the arms re spectively, and means for relatively feeding the follower and model and for relatively feeding the tool and work parallel to the axes of rotation, the relative velocities of the two said feeds being in the ratio of the lengths of the arms, and the follower and tool being formed-in arcs of-circles the'ccntcrs of which are at-theends ofthe'lever and the radi'iof which are in the same ratioas thefarms of the lever, and-the planes of the arcsofcircles being parallel to the axis of rotation of the lever. I 8.-In apattern reproducing machine, a w rk holder and; a model holder arranged toro-tate the model and the work, a lever pivoted between its ends and having its arms substantially equal respectively to the dirtances from the'pivot to axes of the model and work and arranged atan angle equal to the angular separation of the said axes as.

viewed from the pivot, whereby the ends of the lever may be simultaneously brought to the axes as thelever swings, a model follower and a tool mounted at the ends of the arms respectively, and means for relatively feeding the follower and model, and the too-l and work, parallel to the axes of rotation, the

velocities of the two said relative feeds bein in the ratio of the lengths of the arms, and the follower and tool being displaced from the ends of the arms toward'the model-and work respectively by amounts the algebraic sum of which is equal to the sum of two distances themselves having the ratio of the lever arms, the operative portions of the tool and follower being formed as arcs of circles having their radii equal to the said distances respectively. F

9. In a pattern reproducing machine, a work holder and a. model holder arranged to rotate the model and the work, a lever pivoted between its ends and having its arms substantially equal respectively to the distances from the pivot to axes of the model and work and arranged at an angle equal to the angular separation of the said axes as viewed from the pivotwhereby the ends of the lever may be simultaneouslybrought to the axes as the lever swings, a model follower and a tool mounted at the ends of the arms, respectively, the mountings being so arranged that the follower and tool are interchangeable, whereby a male work piece can be cut from a female model and vice versa, and means for relatively feeding the follower and model, and the tool and work, parallelto the axes of rotation.

. 10. In a pattern reproducing machine, a

work holder and a model holder arranged to rotate the model and the work, a lever pivoted between its ends and having its arms substantially equal-respectively to the distances from the. pivot to axes of the model and work and arranged at an angle equal to the angular separation of the said axes as viewed from the pivot, whereby the ends of the lever may be simultaneously brought to i the axes as the lever swings, a model follower and a tool mounted at the ends of the arms respectively, and means for relatively feeding the follower and model, and the tool and work, parallel tothe axes of rotation, and a gage for relatively setting the follower and tool formed like the lever and mountable on'the lever axis with its gage surfaces displaced from the effective ends of the lever toward the model and work. I

11. In a pattern reproducing machine of the reversing type, a model following instrumentality-and a work treating instrumentality, both of which effectively project to ward the model and work respectively, substantially beyond the positions characteristic of geometric reproduction.

In testimony whereof I have signed'my name to this specification.

THOMASH. SEELY. 

